广西防城金花茶花期气候适应性分析

文章编号：2095-1191（2016）12-2084-07

Abstract：【Objective】Correlations between florescence of Camellia nitidissima Chi and meteorological factors were studied， in order to provide a basis for improving yield and quality of C. nitidissima Chi. 【Method】Data were collected in National Reference Climatological Station of Fangcheng， Guangxi every day from November， 1982 to March， 2016. Meanwhile， day-by-day rainfall， temperature， relative humidity， sunshine， wind and other meteorological factors of last 34 years were searched by general investigation method. Average of meteorological factors， anomaly and 5-day overlapping average were calculated. Correlations between florescence of C. nitidissima Chi and meteorological factors were investigated by least-square method of linearity trend estimation and cumulative anomaly method. 【Result】Results showed that， rainfall ranged from 200.0 to 300.0 mm at flowering stage of C. nitidissima Chi in Fangcheng， Guangxi over the years， showing a decreasing tendency， but insignificantly. Duration when rainfall remained at 4.0-12.0 mm was long at single flower stage， so it was optimum flowering time. In addition， probabilities of rainfall≥12.00 mm and above moderate rainfall process were larger at single flower stage in early November and mid-to-late March， which was not good for flowering. Probability of drought was more than 35.0%， and characteristics of drought were not obvious. Average relative humidity was 77% at flowering stage of C. nitidissima Chi. Linear fitting declining rate was -0.527， with a non-significant decreasing tendency. Duration with relative humidity≥85% was seven days in mid-to-late March. High-temperature and high-humidity weather occurred frequently， which was not good for flowering， and low-temperature and low-humidity weather occurred frequently in the middle and later days of middle December and earlier days of late December. ≥8 ℃ effective accumulative temperature needed for single flower was 110 ℃， which was relatively regular. Air temperature was not evenly distributed in earlier， middle and later stages of month， resulting in duration of single flower being unimodal distribution， duration of single flower was the longest in late January， but the shortest in early and middle November and mid-to-late March. There were too many sunshine hours at flowering stage from November to December， and sunshine durations were all more than 24.0 hours， but sunshine duration in middle March was only 9.8 hours. Furthermore， over the years， occurrence probability of gale accounted for 53.5% of annual gale probability， so some measures should be taken to prevent damage of northern gale at flowering stage of C. nitidissima Chi. 【Conclusion】At flowering stage， C. nitidissima Chi is mainly affected by meteorological disasters， such as persistent rainfall， drought， low temperature and low humidity， low temperature and high humidity， gale and so on. Growers should pay more attention to local weather forecast， and some preventive measures should be taken timely to improve yield and quality of C. nitidissima Chi.

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